Iconographic Evidence of the Aelius 25 B.C. Expedition in the Sahara

Is there iconographic evidence of Roman exploration of the Sahara? The answer appears to be yes.Following the orders of Augustus in 25 BC, Aelius Gallus headed an expedition that was to find a route from Egypt to Arabia Felix through the desert. The expedition was a failure. As a result of disease,Aelius lost most of his forces, and was forced to return to Alexandria after only six months.

Below is rock art from the Sahara. Researchers have implied that the art has great antiquity.



It is claimed that it may be 3-4 thousand years old. In reality, the painting probably dates back only to the Roman period in Africa.



The picture above is of a Roman soldier marching. It is not ancient. This is obvious when we examine the figure in the rock art. First let’s look at the gear and military equipment of the average Roman soldier.



When we compare the elements in the rock art we can see the details clearly of the Roman soldier’s uniform.




The rock drawing does not date back to the Bovidian period. The drawing is nothing but a Roman soldier probably dating back to the Aelius expedition. Note the crest on the helmet, and the shield carried on the back along with the cloak/toga. The Roman soldier appears to be marching doubletime. Is there iconographic evidence of Roman exploration of the Sahara? The answer appears to be yes.