Friday, November 2, 2018

The haplogroup X2 is of African Origin


Rosa Fregel, Fernado L. Mendez, Youssef Bokbot, Dimas Martin-Socas, Maria D. Camalich-Massieu, Jonathan Santana, Jacob Morales, Maria C. Avila-Arcos, Peter A. Underhill, Beth Shapiro, Genevieve L Wojcik, Morten Rasmussen, Andre E. R. Soares, Joshua Kapp, Alexandra Sockell, Francisco J. Rodriguez-Santos, Abdeslam Mikdad, Aioze Trujillo-Mederos, Carlos D. Bustamante. (2018) .Ancient genomes from North Africa evidence prehistoric migrations to the Maghreb from both the Levant and Europe. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/02/20/191569

Fregel et al (2018) suggest that Iberians may have introduced the Iberian Cardial Early Neolithic pottery , the major problem with this theory is that  North Africa strongly pottery that resembles these ceramics comes from Africa—not Europe.

The mtDNA samples from the Neolithic site of Kelif el Boroud (KEB) dated to 3,000 BCE include haplogroups K1, T2 and X2. This is further confirmation of these haplogroups in ancient North Africa . Eurocentric researchers imply that these haplogroups may be in Africa as a result of a back migration from Europe to Africa, but there is no archaeological evidence supporting a back migration. The archaeological evidence is of Africans migrating to Europe carrying into Iberia pottery and African genes.

Eurocentrics continue to maintain that Africans only carry mtDNA L lineages. This view can not be supported given the presence of ancient mtDNA M1,U6, K1,T2 and X2 in the IAM and KEB samples from North Africa.

The fact that the Anatolian migrants into Europe, were Kushites who came from Africa; and the discovery of haplogroups M1,U6, K1,T2 and X2 in the IAM and KEB samples make it clear these haplogroups were carried by Africans before they entered Eurasia. It also supports the view that like Y-DNA haplogroup R, and mtDNA haplogroups M1,U6, K1,T2 and X2 are autochthonous to Africa.